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Trees built for the desert

How trees survive where almost nothing can — deep taproots, water-filled trunks, green bark, and leaves that wait for rain.

Trees
  1. 01
    Mesquite tree with feathery foliage and hanging pods in an arid landscape
    Trees2904 min

    Mesquite: The Deep-Rooted Legume That Feeds and Invades Drylands

    A thorny desert legume that fixes nitrogen, taps water metres down, feeds people and livestock with sugary pods — and has become one of the world's worst dryland invaders.

  2. 02
    Palo verde tree with distinctive green trunk and branches and yellow flowers
    Trees3404 min

    Palo Verde: The Green-Barked Tree That Photosynthesises Its Trunk

    A desert legume that drops its leaves to save water and runs photosynthesis in its green bark instead — and quietly nurses the giant saguaro cactus to life in its shade.

  3. 03
    A desert ironwood tree with dense grey-green foliage in the Sonoran Desert
    Trees1273 min

    Desert Ironwood: The Nurse Tree With Wood That Sinks

    A slow Sonoran Desert legume that fixes nitrogen, shelters the desert's seedlings under its canopy, lives over a thousand years, and grows wood so dense it sinks — carved into art and, illegally, into charcoal.

  4. 04
    A dragon tree with its dense upturned-umbrella crown of stiff blue-green leaves
    Trees1364 min

    Dragon Tree: The Umbrella of Red-Sapped Branches

    An outlandish monocot 'tree' that bleeds red resin, grows by splitting into ever-more umbrella branches, lives for centuries on desert islands — and can barely reproduce in the wild anymore.

  5. 05
    A quiver tree with a stout trunk and forked crown of aloe rosettes against desert sky
    Trees3794 min

    Quiver Tree: The Desert Aloe on the Move From a Warming Land

    A tree-sized aloe of the southern African desert whose hollowed branches made hunters' quivers — and which is now dying at the hot edge of its range and creeping south, one of the clearest living signs of a shifting climate.

  6. 06
    Ocotillo with tall thorny wand-like stems tipped with red flowers in the desert
    Trees3263 min

    Ocotillo and Boojum: The Desert's Strangest Silhouettes

    A fountain of thorny wands that leafs out within days of rain and a tapering upside-down carrot that looks drawn by Dr Seuss — two desert oddities that grow leaves only when water comes.

  7. 07
    A Joshua tree with branching arms and spiky rosettes against a desert sky
    Trees2394 min

    Joshua Tree and Yuccas: The Desert Trees Bound to a Single Moth

    Spiky desert monocots that can only be pollinated by one small moth — and the moth can only breed in them — a partnership so tight that climate change now threatens both at once.

  8. 08
    A frankincense tree clinging to bare rock with peeling papery bark
    Trees1744 min

    Frankincense and Myrrh: The Resin Trees That Built an Ancient Economy

    Gnarled desert trees that seal their own wounds with fragrant gum — tapped for the incense that was once worth more than gold, and now threatened by the very tapping that made them famous.

  9. 09
    A khejri tree standing over dry farmland in the Thar Desert
    Trees2523 min

    Khejri: The Desert Tree People Died to Save

    The 'king tree' of the Thar Desert — a nitrogen-fixing legume that feeds people and livestock where nothing else grows, revered by the Bishnoi, and the tree at the heart of history's most famous environmental martyrdom.

  10. 10
    Desert date tree with green thorny branches and clusters of yellow date-like fruit
    Trees1263 min

    Desert Date: The Thorny Tree That Fights a Disease in the Water

    A spiny, drought-proof tree of the Sahel whose bitter-sweet 'date' feeds the dry country, whose seeds press a fine oil — and whose fruit, dropped in water, kills the snails that carry one of Africa's great parasitic diseases.