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The great timber trees

The precious woods that built ships, furniture and instruments — and the slow, scattered trees that demand has pushed to the edge.

Trees
  1. 01
    Teak tree with very large broad leaves in a plantation
    Trees4874 min

    Teak: The Weatherproof Timber That Built the World's Ships

    The premier tropical hardwood — self-oiling, rot-proof, dimensionally stable — that panelled navies and decked yachts, and the plantation crop that now supplies it.

  2. 02
    Large mahogany tree with a broad buttressed trunk in tropical forest
    Trees2784 min

    Mahogany: The Furniture Wood a Single Moth Keeps Wild

    The rich red timber that defined fine furniture — logged toward scarcity, listed on CITES, and impossible to grow in plantations because a small caterpillar destroys every seedling.

  3. 03
    A billet of jet-black ebony heartwood beside paler sapwood
    Trees1454 min

    Ebony and Blackwood: The Black Timbers That Make Music

    The jet-black heartwoods prized for piano keys and clarinets — so dense they sink, so slow-grown and over-cut that the trees behind the world's woodwind are now running out.

  4. 04
    Richly figured dark rosewood grain beside pale fragrant sandalwood
    Trees3984 min

    Rosewood and Sandalwood: The Most Trafficked Trees in the World

    The fragrant, rich-grained timbers behind fine guitars and sacred incense — rosewood now the single most illegally traded wild product on Earth, and sandalwood a tree that feeds off its neighbours' roots.

  5. 05
    Lignum vitae tree with blue flowers and dense dark foliage
    Trees2674 min

    Lignum Vitae: The Wood That Oils Itself and Sinks Like Stone

    The hardest, densest commercial timber on Earth — self-lubricating with its own resin, it ran the propeller-shaft bearings of ships and submarines, and was once sold as a cure for everything.

  6. 06
    An ipê tree in full leafless bloom, a solid mass of yellow flowers
    Trees2314 min

    Ipê and Pau d'Arco: The Trumpet Trees of Flower and Iron

    Latin American trees that blaze leafless yellow and pink across whole cities in the dry season — and whose wood is so hard and rot-proof it sinks and outlasts concrete, driving a decking trade that is stripping the forest.

  7. 07
    Freshly cut purpleheart wood showing its vivid purple colour
    Trees1983 min

    Greenheart and Purpleheart: The Timbers of Sea and Colour

    Two extraordinary South American woods — greenheart, so tough and borer-proof it built the docks and lock gates of the age of empire, and purpleheart, which turns a brilliant royal purple on exposure to air.

  8. 08
    A large iroko tree with a tall straight trunk in West African forest
    Trees2324 min

    Iroko: The African Teak and the Tree of Spirits

    A durable golden-brown West African timber sold as 'African teak' — a fig-family giant revered as a dwelling of spirits, guarded by taboo, and armoured against the sawmill by stones inside its own wood.

  9. 09
    Vivid orange-red padauk heartwood beside the tree's foliage
    Trees3373 min

    Padauk: The Blood-Red Wood of Drums and Bleeding Bark

    A nitrogen-fixing legume whose freshly-cut heartwood is a vivid blood-orange-red, prized for instruments and fine woodwork — and whose wounded bark weeps a red 'kino' gum like dragon's blood.

  10. 10
    Emergent dipterocarp trees towering above the rainforest canopy
    Trees1304 min

    Dipterocarps: The Two-Winged Giants That Rule the Rainforest

    The towering trees that dominate the forests of Southeast Asia, flower en masse only once every few years at a drought's signal, spin their seeds down on paired wings — and supply most of the world's tropical plywood.

  11. 11
    Shisham tree with rounded leaflets lining an Indian roadside
    Trees4283 min

    Shisham: North India's Rosewood of Field and Furniture

    A fast, tough, nitrogen-fixing rosewood that lines the canals and roads of northern India — its hard, handsome, durable timber the workhorse of the region's furniture, second in prestige only to teak.