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Life in the soil and leaf litter

The hidden workforce beneath your feet — the microbes, fungi, worms, and burrowers that turn death into fertility and hold the whole system up.

Growing·Wildlife
  1. 01
    Microscopic view of soil organisms among root hairs and fungal hyphae
    Wildlife4433 min

    The Soil Food Web: Life Beneath Your Feet

    The invisible ecosystem in healthy soil: bacteria, fungi, protozoa, nematodes, and arthropods that cycle nutrients and build structure.

  2. 02
    Earthworms in rich dark soil alongside decomposing leaf litter
    Wildlife1444 min

    Earthworms: Nature's Tillers

    Why Darwin called earthworms the most important creature on earth, and how to count, feed, and protect the populations that build your soil.

  3. 03
    Fine white mycorrhizal fungal hyphae threading through dark soil around plant roots
    Growing3064 min

    Mycorrhizal Fungi: The Underground Internet

    How mycorrhizal fungi form partnerships with plant roots, extending their reach a hundredfold to transport water, nutrients, and chemical signals through an underground network.

  4. 04
    Root nodules on a legume root system showing pink nitrogen-fixing tissue
    Wildlife3154 min

    Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria: Free Fertiliser in Every Root

    How Rhizobium, Frankia, and free-living bacteria pull atmospheric nitrogen into the living world and feed every productive ecosystem.

  5. 05
    Fungal brackets and moss growing on a decomposing fallen log in a woodland
    Wildlife1233 min

    Decomposers: The Hidden Recyclers

    Fungi, bacteria, beetles, and worms unlock nutrients from dead matter. Without them, soils never form and forests collapse within years.

  6. 06
    A reddish centipede and a coiled millipede on leaf litter
    Wildlife0763 min

    Centipedes and Millipedes: The Many-Legged Two-Sided Team

    Two very different many-legged animals easily confused — the fast, flat, venomous centipede that hunts soil pests, and the slow, round, harmless millipede that recycles dead leaves. Telling them apart, and why both belong.

  7. 07
    A dung beetle rolling a ball of dung across the ground
    Wildlife1413 min

    Dung Beetles: The Pasture's Free Sanitation and Fertiliser

    The beetles that bury animal dung — burying with it a pasture's fertility, aeration, and parasite control — and the deworming drugs that quietly kill them, breaking a service worth billions.

  8. 08
    A mole emerging from the soil beside a fresh molehill
    Wildlife2953 min

    Moles: The Underground Engineer That Eats No Plants

    The maker of molehills is a voracious insectivore, not a vegetarian — it eats earthworms and grubs, aerates and drains the soil, and signals a healthy earthworm population, so the damage is mostly to your idea of a tidy lawn.